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1.
International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management ; 26(5-6):381-396, 2022.
Article in English | Scopus | ID: covidwho-2261500

ABSTRACT

Due to an unprecedented threat from COVID-19, the World Health Organization recommended the introduction of physical distancing measures, such as quarantine and social isolation. These measures have severely affected some sectors of the economy, hampering the development of many economic activities, especially retail. In this context, this article investigated strategies for the dissemination, commercialisation and distribution of goods during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly related to small companies that were not yet fully integrated with digital technologies. We perceived a forced digital transformation, disclosure on social networks, negotiating sales through text messaging applications, electronic payments and motorcycle and bicycle delivery service. The combination of different technologies has supported small businesses in times of pandemic, since commercialisation in digital media has been one of the main solutions for the prevention of bankruptcy, particularly for physical companies. Copyright © 2022 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

2.
Comparative Federalism and Covid-19: Combating the Pandemic ; : 239-257, 2021.
Article in English | Scopus | ID: covidwho-1924489

ABSTRACT

This chapter discusses the dual nature of Brazilian federalism and the strengthening of subnational autonomy, as evidenced during the Covid-19 pandemic. On one hand, the crisis highlighted the importance of the federal government in the institutional arrangement of Brazilian federalism, which is highly centralised;on the other, it has provided greater scope for action by state governments, whose political power has gradually diminished over the 30 years since the 1988 Constitution came into being. Municipalities have also played a stronger role based on their local interest. To analyse those aspects, the chapter presents the constitutional design of the Brazilian federation and the public policies in health and disaster management to contain the pandemic, demonstrating that the intergovernmental relations generated by the very nature of federalism were indispensable in enabling Brazil to address the pandemic and so prevent worse outcomes in terms of public health. Additionally, the expanded autonomy of states and municipalities during the pandemic, due to a Supreme Court decision, was fundamental to the struggle against the denialism of the President Jair Bolsonaro, who neglected his federal responsibilities. © 2022 selection and editorial matter, Nico Steytler.

3.
Hematology, Transfusion and Cell Therapy ; 43:S342, 2021.
Article in Portuguese | EMBASE | ID: covidwho-1859646

ABSTRACT

Considerando a situação da pandemia de COVID-19 que diminuiu significativamente o número de pessoas aptas a doar sangue e que as doenças do sangue, câncer, cirurgias e traumas continuam, o Programa de Extensão “Amizade Compatível - uma doação para a vida” manteve initerruptamente o seu objetivo em conscientizar a comunidade da importância do cadastro e doação de sangue (DS) e de medula óssea (MO). Dessa maneira, o objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar ações extensionistas de conscientização para doação de sangue e de medula óssea realizadas em período de interações sociais limitadas. Materiais e métodos: Foram promovidos por alunos extensionistas, pela plataforma Google Meet, dezenove encontros com a participação de universitários, pacientes e seus familiares, profissionais de saúde, membros de associações, atiradores do Tiro de Guerra (TG) do município de Uberaba e comunidade em geral, durante 15 meses, com os temas: Indicações de hemocomponentes, Tipos Sanguíneos, Quem precisa de sangue, Abordagem de Redes Sociais para incentivo a DS, Campanhas Universitárias para captação de DS com curso de Medicina, Odontologia e Direito, Leucemia Pediátrica e uso de hemocomponentes, Conscientização para DS e para o cadastro de MO, Comemoração do Dia Nacional do Doador de MO, Comemoração do Dia Estadual da Anemia Falciforme, Comemoração do Dia Mundial da Luta contra o Câncer, Comemoração do Dia Nacional e Internacional da Talassemia além de relatos de pacientes com doença falciforme, talassemia, leucemia mieloide aguda, familiares de paciente com leucemia linfóide aguda e com doador de medula óssea. O programa também realizou na Universidade e no Hospital Universitário a Campanha intitulada Junho Vermelho para incentivar o espírito solidário das pessoas para doação de sangue. A divulgação de todas as ações foi realizada pelas redes sociais do Programa de Extensão, da Universidade e de forma particular pelos incentivadores e parceiros do programa de extensão. Resultados: O total de participantes dos dezenove encontros foi de 1636 pessoas. Momentos de relato de pacientes e seus familiares sobre a doença, sobre a dependência de transfusões e sobre a busca do doador de MO foram os que mais sensibilizaram os participantes. As postagens da Campanha do Junho Vermelho contaram com 2951 interações. Discussão: Ações extensionistas realizadas de forma online constituíram uma maneira segura de conscientizar a população da importância da realização da DS e o cadastro para doação de MO, de proporcionar o contato de alunos/comunidade com pacientes e profissionais de saúde, além de trazer à tona a dificuldade de os hemocentros manterem seus estoques de sangue principalmente em período de pandemia. Conclusão: A partir de diferentes plataformas online é possível contactar com facilidade diferentes públicos e realizar ações extensionistas de conscientização para DS e MO, colocando não só o universitário, potencial doador, em contato com os necessitam diretamente da transfusão sanguínea, mas também a comunidade em geral.

4.
Hematology, Transfusion and Cell Therapy ; 43:S47, 2021.
Article in Portuguese | EMBASE | ID: covidwho-1859591

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A Leishmaniose Visceral Humana (LVH) é endêmica nas Américas, sendo encontrada em 12 países, dos quais o Brasil representa 97% dos casos. As manifestações clínicas ocorrem após um período de incubação que varia de aproximadamente 10 dias a 2 anos, sendo subclínicas na maioria dos infectados. Entretanto, cerca de 20 % apresentarão formas sintomáticas e casos graves podem cursar com infecções secundárias desencadeadas pela imunossupressão causada pela LVH, tornando desafiador o manejo desses pacientes com infecção concomitante ao SARS-CoV-2. Objetivo: Reportar caso de infiltração de sangue periférico por Leishmania sp em paciente imunossuprimida com subsequente infecção por SARS-CoV-2. Metodologia: Paciente sexo feminino, 41 anos, moradora em área endêmica para LVH, portadora de Artrite Reumatoide com uso de MTX e Leflunomida em diferentes momentos. Iniciou quadro de dor abdominal associada a lesões cutâneas e em mucosa oral há dois meses, tendo como hipótese diagnóstica pênfigo vulgar e prescrito corticóide em alta dose. Evoluiu com queda do estado geral, icterícia e hepatoesplenomegalia, necessitando de internação na origem, com exames demonstrando anemia e plaquetopenia, alterações de enzimas hepáticas e alargamento de INR. Porém, após piora do estado geral, caracterizada por aumento de volume abdominal e sangramento em cavidade oral, via vaginal e cutânea, foi transferida para HC FAMEMA. Na admissão, constatou-se alteração da ausculta pulmonar e saturação de 90%. TC de tórax demonstrou opacidades em vidro fosco com 75% de acometimento, e RT-PCR detectável para SARS-CoV2. Em análise de hemograma observou-se inúmeras formas amastigotas livres e intracelulares de Leishmania sp e teste rápido para Leishmaniose visceral positivo. Paciente apresentou agravamento clínico progressivo com evolução para óbito após dois dias de internação. Resultados/Discussão: O encontro de inúmeras formas amastigotas livres ou no interior de neutrófilos e monócitos do sangue periférico desta paciente demonstrou uma acentuada depressão imunológica provavelmente pelo uso de imunossupressores e corticoide para o tratamento da artrite e “pênfigo vulgar ”respectivamente, além da co-infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2. Nestes pacientes, a resposta imune mediada por células é crucial no controle da leishmaniose, uma vez que células mononucleares do sangue periférico desses pacientes quando estimuladas “in vitro”com os antígenos de Leishmania, não produzem IL-1 e tem redução da expressão de MHC de classe II pelos macrófagos, favorecendo a ativação de células TH2 e progressão da doença. Consequentemente, haveria uma resposta inflamatória deficiente, diminuindo a síntese de INF- necessária para uma resposta antiviral, além de propiciar a multiplicação e disseminação do parasita com o envolvimento de múltiplos órgãos como linfonodo, medula óssea, baço, fígado e mais raramente do sangue periférico, como observado nesta paciente.

5.
Radiotherapy and Oncology ; 163:S47-S48, 2021.
Article in English | EMBASE | ID: covidwho-1747462

ABSTRACT

Purpose: Peer review of palliative intent radiation plans is an important component of quality assurance (QA) and has been made a priority by Cancer Care Ontario. The goal of this project was to better evaluate the QA process at the London Regional Cancer Program, including capturing the effects of changes to our process brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: This is a single-centre, quality improvement project that assessed palliative QA review at our centre between fall 2018 and fall 2020. Initially, QA involved weekly, in-person multidisciplinary rounds. However, from March to October 2020, due to COVID-19, this was changed to offline review and each plan was assigned to only a single Radiation Oncology staff for review. Characteristics of plans were captured prospectively and comments (queries and major/minor change recommendations) were tracked. Queries captured questions about the plan that were not a specific recommendation. We retrospectively ed the anonymized data. Descriptive statistics were generated, stratified by cohort (in-person versus offline) and compared using the chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, two-sample T-test, or Wilcoxon rank sum test as appropriate. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were performed for any comment for all eligible variables for all patients and analyzed per plan. Cost estimates were made based on time spent reviewing plans, QA round attendance records, and the publicly available hourly wage of professionals involved. Results: The mean ± SD age of reviewed patients was 67.1 ± 12.0 years, with no difference between in-person and offline review (p=0.784). Most common primary diagnoses were lung (32.2% inperson versus 25.6% offline), breast (13.8% versus 7.7%), prostate (10.4% versus 10.5%), colorectal (4.8% versus 10.2%), and renal cell (5.6% versus 7.7%). The most common treatment sites were brain (28.4% in-person versus 39.0% offline), spine (20.8% versus 12.3%), and non-spine bone (25.2% versus 18.9%). Plans were also categorized by complexity (complex or simple photon plan, electron plan, or unknown). For in-person review 49.2% were complex (IMRT, VMAT, etc.) versus 47.8% simple (POP, etc.), while during the offline period complex plans were more heavily prioritized for review (95.8% complex versus 2.1% simple). Notably, plan complexity was not predictive of a comment being made (univariable analysis, odds ratio: 0.99, 95% confidence interval: 0.52-1.86, p=0.227). The overall percentage of recorded comments per plan reviewed in-person was 2.36%. However, for in-person review, if the treating staff was present queries were addressed during rounds and not recorded. To account for this missing data and consequent underestimation, the frequency of recorded queries and the percentage of time the treating staff was present during plan review was used to extrapolate the number of queries addressed during rounds. With this, the estimated percentage of comments per plan increased to 3.19% compared to only 1.40% for offline review (p=0.097). Cost estimates for in-person review was $152 per plan reviewed and $4768 per comment made versus $105 and $7494 for offline review, respectively. Conclusions: This study provides comparison of and cost estimates for both in-person, multidisciplinary and offline peer review. Additionally, our results suggest that review by a single, independent staff may not be sufficient and that excluding simple plans from review based solely on their lack of complexity may not be best practice.

6.
European Respiratory Journal ; 58:2, 2021.
Article in English | Web of Science | ID: covidwho-1706312
7.
Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases ; 26, 2022.
Article in Portuguese | EMBASE | ID: covidwho-1693847

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A infecção viral aguda do trato respiratório corresponde a 80% de todas as doenças respiratórias agudas, levando a grande morbimortalidade. Em menores de cinco anos, a mortalidade global combinada de apenas influenza e VRS atinge 300.000 mortes a cada ano. Objetivo Avaliar a prevalência de vírus respiratórios em crianças menores de 5 anos internadas em um hospital terciário antes e durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Método: Estudo descritivo transversal incluindo amostras de swab nasofaríngeo de crianças < 5 anos para a pesquisa de Adenovírus (ADE), Influenza A (FLUA), Influenza B (FLUB), Parainfluenza 1, 2 e 3 e Vírus Respiratório Sincicial (VRS) pelos métodos de Imunofluorescência indireta (triagem) e imunofluorescência direta (identificação do vírus). Foram incluídas amostras analisadas nos meses de agosto a setembro de 2019 (antes da pandemia de COVID-19), agosto a setembro de 2020 e agosto a setembro de 2021 (durante a pandemia). Resultados: Entre 1° de Agosto/2019 e 30 de Setembro/2019, 139 testes foram realizados e 33 (23,7%) amostras foram positivas. O vírus mais prevalente foi FLUA com 7 casos positivos (21,2%), seguido de Parainfluenza tipo 3 com 6 casos (18,2%), VRS com 5 casos (15,2%) e Parainfluenza tipo 2 com 4 casos (12,2%). Em 2020, no primeiro ano de pandemia, 44 testes foram realizados e apenas 1 amostra foi positiva para o ADE. Em 2021, um total de 148 testes foram realizados no período de estudo e 81 (54,7%) amostras tiveram resultado positivo para os vírus pesquisados. VRS e Parainfluenza tipo 3 foram responsáveis por 94% dos casos de infecções em crianças <5 anos na instituição, 50 (61,7%) e 26 (54,7%) casos positivos, respectivamente. No ano de 2019, a maioria dos pacientes positivos estavam na faixa etária de 2 a 3 anos (91%). Já em 2021, 77% dos casos positivos foram observados em crianças menores de 1 ano. Na pesquisa de SARS-CoV-2, de 61 pacientes testados, apenas 2 (3%) apresentaram resultado positivo. Conclusão: Após o segundo ano da pandemia de COVID-19 (2021), houve um aumento dos casos de infecção por VRS e Parainfluenza tipo 3 quando comparado ao mesmo período de 2020 e 2019. Além disso, houve uma concentração de casos positivos na faixa etária de 0 a 2 anos durante a pandemia. Essa alteração no perfil de positividade entre os anos de 2020 e 2021 pode ser devido ao relaxamento das medidas de prevenção ao SARS-CoV-2, uma vez que essas medidas também contribuem para o controle de outras infecções respiratórias.

8.
Canadian Journal of Surgery ; 64:S107-S108, 2021.
Article in English | ProQuest Central | ID: covidwho-1678780

ABSTRACT

Background: The standard of care for stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is surgical resection. Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) plays an important role in the management of early NSCLC in patients who are poor operative candidates, or more recently during the COVID-19 pandemic, as a bridge to surgery, when operating room access is limited. The impact of preoperative SABR on surgical resection has not been extensively explored in terms of length of hospital stay (LOS) and difficulty of surgical resection (DSR). Our unique published prospective MISSILE study afforded the opportunity to examine this. Methods: LOS and perioperative outcomes were assessed for patients with stage I NSCLC who received preoperative SABR and subsequent surgical resection (RS) within 10 weeks and compared with a similar cohort who underwent surgery alone (S) from 2014 to 2017 using a propensity-score matched analysis. DSR was assessed on the basis of operative time, blood transfusions, conversion rates (CR) and increased sublobar to lobar resection (SL). Results: Forty patients in the RS cohort were compared with 168 patients in the S cohort. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were generated as a comparison for all patients (n = 208). LOS was similar between the cohorts (mean 5.2 [standard deviation (SD) 4.7] d v. 4.3 [SD 2.2] d, p = 0.90). There were no differences between cohorts for blood transfusions (0% v. 0%), mean operative time (2.4 [SD 1.0] h v. 2.5 [SD 1.2] h, p = 0.60), conversion rates (21.9% v. 18.8%, p = 0.76) or increased SL (9.4% v. 0%, p = 0.24). Three patients who received radiotherapy did not proceed to surgery, 1 because of concerns of radiation pneumonitis. Conclusion: Preoperative SABR in patients with stage I NSCLC does not have a significant impact on the DSR and LOS.

9.
Medicina Dello Sport ; 74(4):731-739, 2021.
Article in English | Web of Science | ID: covidwho-1667913

ABSTRACT

The sports world has certainly been one of the most affected by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. In addition to the closure of clubs and gyms, the introduction of personal protective equipment and face masks has raised many doubts about the safety of their use during physical activity. This is due to the possible onset of symptoms related to the physical barrier standing in front of the airways, resulting in greater resistance to airways flow and a bigger respiratory work. The aim of this article was to analyze the data available so far in the literature to try to answer the question: can sport and masks get along? (Cite this article as: Lodi E, Scavone A, Dias Rodrigues G, D'Antonio L, Pergreffi M, Modena MG. Can sport and face masks get along? Med Sport 2021;74:731-9. DOI: 10.23736/S0025-7826.21.03962-4)

10.
IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing ; 2021.
Article in English | Scopus | ID: covidwho-1367264

ABSTRACT

The instance price in the Amazon EC2 spot model is often much lower than in the on-demand counterpart. However, this price reduction comes with a decrease in the availability guarantees. To our knowledge, there is no work that accurately captures the short-term trade-off between spot price and availability, and does long-term analysis for spot price tendencies in favor of user decision making. In this work, we propose a utility-based strategy, that balances cost and availability of spot instances and is targeted to short-term analysis;and a LSTM neural network framework for long term spot price tendency analysis. Our experiments show that, for r4.2xlarge, 90% of spot bid suggestions ensured at least 5.73 hours of availability, with a bid price of approximately 38% of the on-demand price. The LSTM experiments predicted spot price tendencies for several instance types with low error. Our LSTM framework predicted an average value of 0.19 USD/hour for the r5.2xlarge instance type, which is about 37% of the on-demand price. Finally, we used our combined mechanism on an application that compares thousands of SARS-CoV-2 sequences and show that our approach is able to provide good choices of instances, with low bids and very good availability. IEEE

11.
Revista Ibero-Americana De Ciencia Da Informacao ; 14(2):420-439, 2021.
Article in Portuguese | Web of Science | ID: covidwho-1257536

ABSTRACT

The worldwide health crisis declared in 2020 due to the new coronavirus, besides the serious social and economic consequences, has also impacted the way governments communicate with their citizens. Based on the most recent Right to Information Rating (RTI) study, which makes a global ranking of the Access to Information Laws in the world and includes the changes proposed by the countries during the sanitary emergency, the proposed changes are systematized, by country, and the types of changes and if the obligations of right to information were suspended. A comparative analysis of these changes is made and some documents from international organizations that reinforce the obligation of governments to provide and give access to information and the right of citizens to have access to information are presented. The fundamentals of Public Communication and the right to information assisted to understand the importance of Access to Information Laws during the pandemic. It is concluded that during the pandemic of the new coronavirus most of the countries mapped by the Right to Information Rating sought to change their Access to Information Laws, in particular the deadlines for responding to information demands.

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